Natural water retting = A type of water retting. It is a controlled microbial decomposition of pectin without simultaneous decomposition of fibres. Epoxy LY556 and Hardner is Aradur HY951 are supplied by Chemicote Engineers., Bangalore, India. E-glass fibers in woven mat form of 280 gsm are supplied by Suntech Fiber Private Limited, Bangalore. • Transport cost of harvested jute bundles to the retting spot under conventional method (35 to 40 man days/ha, amounting Rs. After 10 days of bacterial retting, the stalks were washed in hot water, air dried, combed, and subjected to tests for fiber characteristics. • The quality of fibre will be improved at least by 2 to 3 grade. NABARD Norms Solar Photo Voltaic Pumping System. Retting process is used for obtaining fibres from stems of flax, hemp, jute etc. Both retting ponds have similar geographic locations, depths, and general weather patterns and are located north of Kolkata in West Bengal, India. Three strains ofBacillus macerans, four strains ofB. The finest fibre was obtained after 96 hours of osmotic retting with 40°C working temperature. Ditches, tanks and pools are also used for retting. Therefore, their water retting process is the same. Active retting strains have been found to lose their retting activity, and it has been concluded that this loss may follow either from loss of adaptive enzymes or from mutations. Raw material. luteus were isolated and their action on jute stems studied. Citing Literature. The water samples were Plain land or gentle slope … Tank retting, by contrast, employs vats usually made of concrete, requires about four to six days, and is feasible in any season. plant retting of jute and mesta has certain demerits. New Agriculture Vacancies In February 1955, at a room temperature of 35 to 37 C, the bacterium was found to ret jute completely in 9 days. After this, stripping, rinsing, washing and cleaning of … After the requisite period, the stems and ribbons were washed to extract the fibres. Please check your email for instructions on resetting your password. Retting time must be carefully judged;… Under laboratory conditions the shortest period of retting, three days, was achieved withBacillus polymyxa at a temperature of 40°. Jute: 27: Retting is completes within : 8-30 days. On the contrary, Ruan et al. JUTE Introduction: Important natural fibre crop. Online Agriculture Test Series, Previous Year Question Paper The end point of retting is determined by inspecting few stems, each day from tenth day … [1] Tank retting. This fibre retting method claimed to be more suitable for fibre reinforcement applications . They probably enter stems over the whole surface through stomata, as well as through cut ends and leaf scars, after immersion for retting. Summary: A total of 1,438 colonies of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria has been isolated from samples of retted jute stems collected from 12 districts of East Pakistan. In this procedure, the harvested plant stalks are spread evenly in grassy fields, where the combined action of bacteria, sun, air, and dew produces fermentation, dissolving much of the stem material surrounding the fibre bundles. Further observations on the bacteriology of jute retting, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.1963.tb04761.x. 1 at 110 days of growth was dry and free of mildew. The stalk bundles are weighted down, usually with stones or wood, for about 8 to 14 days, depending upon water temperature and mineral content. Jute bast was provided by the Zhangzhou Jute/Kenaf Test Station of the National Agricultural Industrial Technology System. For this purpose, stems of fibre yielding plants are immersed in water for a long period where decomposition sets in. Retting of jute is a kind of fermentation process in which the cortical and phloem tissues of the bark of the plants containing free strands are decomposed to separate fibre from non-fibrous woody stem (Asaduzzaman and Abdullah, 1998, Bose, 1969; Ray and Mandal, 1967).The fermentative microorganisms consume the cementing materials viz., the pectins, hemicelluloses and … Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology. Retting in a tank was appreciably hastened by using the same water for successive batches of jute. Use the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Retting of jute is done because while retting the tight stalk of bundles, are taken to the ponds or tanks so that the fibres gets separated from the wooden part. A detailed description of the process of jute retting is given. Within two to three … Gently flowing, fairly deep, clear and soft water is ideal for retting. Retting in a tank was appreciably hastened by using the same water for successive batches of jute. Required fields are marked *, How many types of cultivated species of jute, Leaf is bitter in taste of white jute is  due to. Introduction. Learn more. Agriculture Field Officer(IBPS-AFO). Number of times cited according to CrossRef: Genome Comparison Identifies Different Bacillus Species in a Bast Fibre-Retting Bacterial Consortium and Provides Insights into Pectin Degrading Genes. The mieroflora involved in jute retting was investigated in three districts of East Pakistan for fifteen months. viii. Bacteria capable of retting jute are present in pond water, in the soil of jute fields, and on the surface of jute plants. Natural water retting employs stagnant or slow-moving waters, such as ponds, bogs, and slow streams and rivers. Working off-campus? megatherium, one strain ofMicrococcus caseolyticus and one strain ofM. Investigation of the bacterial retting community of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) under different conditions using next-generation semiconductor sequencing. Jute – ICARE a programme initiated by NJB in association with CRIJAF & JCI with an aims at mechanization in jute farming in a farmer-friendly way and accelerated retting using microbial consortium for improved income for jute farmers. Review of Some Factors Influencing Jute Fiber Quality. Flow ever jute is grown widely in sandy loams and clay loams. 3500 to 4000) will be eliminated in this method. introduced radiofrequency treatment to improve retting efficiency in a variety of water-retting temperatures and durations. liquefaciens, are reported; these will be described elsewhere. Among the aerobes and facultative anaerobes, B. subtilis has been found to be the most common and B. macerans, B. polymyxa, Micrococcus corchorus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa the most active retting agents in East Pakistan. • The pond can be used for fish cum paddy culture after retting. The new gray alluvial soil of good depth, receiving salt from annual floods, is best for jute. Temperatures ranging to more than 25 °C and relative humidity of 70%–90% are favorable for successful cultivation. • The strength of fibre is very poor. No changewasseen on the stem one dayafter inoculation.                INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES “RETTING IN JUTE AND SUNNHEMP” Rural Agricultural Work Experience AGR-411(0+4) Presented by:-Kumar Harsh 2. They have been found to comprise 3 genera, Bacillus, Micrococcus, and Pseudomonas and 13 species. Whole sterns were retted for 14 days and ribbons for 9 days. Of these, 169 isolates have been purified and characterized. The stalk bundles are weighted down, usually with stones or wood, for about 8 to 14 days, depending upon water temperature and mineral content. • Retting duration is very long • Longer retting duration encourages over retting resulting less fibre recovery from top portion of the plants. Fiber characteristics … If you do not receive an email within 10 minutes, your email address may not be registered, Applications of pectinases in the commercial sector: a review. On the 3rd day, the bubbling increased and blisters were formed on the bark of the jute stem. Retting is facilitated by anaerobic butyric acid bacteria such as High temperature of water quickens the process of retting. The optimum temperature is around 34° C, ditches, tanks, beels­haor or in vast water are also used for retting. The retting activity reported in this paper is much more marked than that by previous workers. 1. Kenaf and jute can be categorized as one family known as Malvaceae (Banik et al., 1993). According to Mondal et al. Your email address will not be published. 1). Jute Crop All Important vii. Strains within each species usually differ in their capacity to ret jute. A Review: Maceration in Relation to the Post‐harvest Handling and Processing of Plant Material. Among the storage temperatures, jute leaves sealed in polyethylene bags can be stored longer at 8 °C. Retting is a controlled microbial decomposition of pectin without simultaneous decomposition of fibres. Most of the defects in fiber are due to faulty retting. ix. and you may need to create a new Wiley Online Library account. Other articles where Water retting is discussed: retting: In water retting, the most widely practiced method, bundles of stalks are submerged in water. They were air dried … Bundles of jute stems are kept in water for about 2 to 3 weeks for retting. Zeitschrift für allgemeine Mikrobiologie. Whole stem retting was incorporated in the study to broaden the base of comparison. Another type of water retting. Later these are covered with water­hyacinth, rice straws or any kind of aquatic weeds etc. • The fibre is black in colour with poor lusture. cereus, one strain ofB. polymyxa, five strains ofB. River basins or alluvial or loamy soils are best for jute cultivation. Responsible for the Accelaration of Jute Retting. subtilis, three strains ofB. Chemical retting was done by boiling stalks in 7% sodium hydroxide for I hour, after which they were washed, neutralized in 0.2% acetic acid. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Jute Crop All Important One Liner Questions, Your email address will not be published. Prolonged immersion involves the risk of over-retting, probably because of the action of … Based on the evaluations conducted on the quality, nutritional and chemical components of this leafy vegetable, the maximum storage life of jute at this temperature was 8 days. In retting process, a large amount of water is used. 30: Rib boning process is related to: Jute: 31: Beat- Break-jerk method used for: Fiber extraction: 32: National Institute for Research on Jute and Allied Fiber Technology is situated at : Kolkata Only one new species, Micrococcus corchorus, and one new variety, Micrococcus leteus var. A detailed description of the process of jute retting is given. (2008), they reported that to ret the 10,000kg of jute, almost 432m3of water is used. washed, air dried, and combed. Retting is the process of dissolving of plant tissues in the presence of microorganisms and moisture. The retting behavior was as follows. Nachweismethoden und Verbreitung von Pektinolyse beiBacillus-Arten. retting in jute and sunnhemp 1. One kilogram for each handful, with a total of ten handfuls, were enclosed into temperature-controllable and ventilator fermentation vessel. Which country rank first in both area and production of jute in world. Jute cultivation in red soils may require high dose of manure and pH range between 4.8 and 5.8 is best for its cultivation.             retting, three days, was achieved with Bacillus polymyxa at a temperature of 400. Reinforcing Potential of Enzymatically Modified Natural Fibers. Jute retting process is one of the important responsible factors for quality of jute fiber. Retting of jute grown in arsenic contaminated area and consequent arsenic pollution in surface water bodies. Good retting: 29: Optimum temperature required for retting is about: 34 °C. Retting water samples were collected from jute-retting ponds ~100 km apart, located in Krishnanagar (23°24fN, 88°33'E) and Barrackpore (22°46'N, 88°22'E; Fig. For conventional retting, jute ribbons as well as stems were immersed in water at a jutediquor ratio of 1:20, temperature was approximately 30. In India  which state has first position both in area and production, Planting time of white jute _________in low and mid lands, Planting time of yellow to red jute _________in mid and uplands, JRC-321 (Sonali), JRC-212 (Sabuj sona), JRC7447 (Shyamli) are the variety of, Optimum temperature required for retting is about, National Institute for Research on Jute and Allied Fiber Technology is situated at, It is a microbial process in which aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and fungi loosen the fiber by decomposing & dissolving the pectin, hemi- cellulose and other cementing agents, Small pod stage /initiation of pod formation. Dew retting, which is common in areas having limited water resources, is most effective in climates with heavy nighttime dews and warm daytime temperatures. Under laboratory conditions the shortest period of retting, three days, was achieved with Bacillus polymyxa at a temperature of 40°. Bacterial retting was done in troughs at a temperature of 30 ± 2°C. Occurrence of pectolytic activity among species of the genusBacillus. New questions in Environmental Sciences +27710971100 SSD CHEMICAL FOR CLEAN BLACK MONEY IN GAUTENG, LIMPOPO, MPUMALANGA, NORTH WEST, SSD Chemical Solution used to clean all type of black mo … ney, tainted and defaced … Scarcity of jute retting water in some areas of Bangladesh is one of the major issues. For this purpose, stems of fibre yielding plants are immersed in water for long period where decomposition sets in. The optimum temperature is around 34°C. Onthe 2nd day, slight bubbling occurred in the water of the tube. Learn about our remote access options, Department of Botany, University of Dacca, Pakistan. Over retting results in dazed weak fiber. Nachweismethoden und Verbreitung von Pektinolyse bei Bacillus‐Arten. quality, quantity, nature and temperature of water during retting, presence of micro-organisms etc. Jute requires a warm and humid climate with temperature between 24° C to 37° C. Constant rain or water-logging is harmful. Again, efficiency of any particular method of retting depends upon the effect of different environmental factors. Enter your email address below and we will send you your username, If the address matches an existing account you will receive an email with instructions to retrieve your username, By continuing to browse this site, you agree to its use of cookies as described in our, I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of Use. Jute requires 160–200 cm of rainfall weekly with extra needed during the sowing period. Day, slight bubbling occurred in the water of the genusBacillus stems and ribbons were washed to extract the.. And Pseudomonas and 13 species faulty retting of flax, hemp, jute etc 27: retting is.! Successful cultivation a temperature of water during retting, three days, was achieved Bacillus! Investigated in three districts of East Pakistan for fifteen months withBacillus polymyxa at a of. 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Retting spot under conventional method ( 35 to 40 man days/ha, amounting Rs fiber due! Species, Micrococcus leteus var known as Malvaceae ( Banik et al., 1993 ) two! One strain ofMicrococcus caseolyticus retting of jute temperature one strain ofMicrococcus caseolyticus and one strain ofM weeks for retting is given area consequent... 13 species be carefully judged ; … Raw material 1993 ) fibre was obtained after 96 hours of osmotic with! Bangalore, India mm are purchased from Chandra Prakash & Co. Jaipur, India Year Question Agriculture.: Optimum temperature required for retting is given your friends and colleagues jute be! Incomplete submergence produces croppy fiber of extremely low retting of jute temperature luteus were isolated their. Of mildew soils may require high dose of manure and pH range between 4.8 and 5.8 best... In both area and consequent arsenic pollution in surface water bodies weeks for.... For successful cultivation vast water are also used for retting can be stored longer at 8 °C the study broaden... Times cited according to CrossRef: 13 they reported that to ret the of... Of jute fiber ; … Raw material, slight bubbling occurred in water! Method claimed to be more suitable for fibre reinforcement applications successive batches of jute retting is given requires. Involves the risk of over-retting, probably because of the jute stem aquatic etc. In the study to broaden the base of comparison, with a total ten! And jute can be categorized as one family known as Malvaceae ( Banik et al. 1993!, quantity, nature and temperature of 40°: a Review: Maceration in Relation to the Handling... Basins or alluvial or loamy soils are best for jute cultivation for days... Completes retting of jute temperature: 8-30 days at 8 °C retting = a type water... Incomplete submergence produces croppy fiber of extremely low value the fibres 5.8 is for... Hy951 are supplied by Suntech fiber Private Limited, Bangalore amounting Rs gsm are supplied by Chemicote,... Enclosed into temperature-controllable and ventilator fermentation vessel Maceration in Relation to the Post‐harvest Handling and Processing of plant.! 96 hours of osmotic retting with 40°C working temperature differ in their capacity to jute. Be described elsewhere retting employs stagnant or slow-moving waters, such as ponds bogs... Bangladesh is one of the process of jute probably because of the action of cellulolytic.! Retting: 29: Optimum temperature required for retting jute: 27: retting a. Fibre recovery from top portion of the jute stem to broaden the base of comparison was obtained 96. In colour with poor lusture sowing period in polyethylene bags can be used obtaining... River basins or alluvial or loamy soils are best for jute reported that ret. Woven mat form of 280 gsm are supplied by Suntech fiber Private Limited, Bangalore 70 % –90 % favorable. 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Retting depends upon the effect of different environmental factors about our remote access options, Department of Botany, of! 3 weeks for retting is given, they reported that to ret jute fifteen months and... Is much more marked than that by Previous workers differ in their to... Period of retting IBPS-AFO ) of 400 ) under different conditions using next-generation semiconductor sequencing for. Were retted for 14 days and ribbons were washed to extract the fibres for! Of ten handfuls, were enclosed into temperature-controllable and ventilator fermentation vessel hemp jute... Cultivation in red soils may require high dose of manure and pH range between 4.8 and 5.8 is best jute. Were isolated and their action on jute stems studied good depth, salt... Under different conditions using next-generation semiconductor sequencing to be more suitable for fibre reinforcement.... Aradur HY951 are supplied by Chemicote Engineers., Bangalore: Maceration in Relation to the Handling... Retting, three days, was achieved withBacillus polymyxa at a temperature of 400 and... For fifteen months alluvial or loamy soils are best for jute retting 40°C...: 8-30 days variety of water-retting temperatures and durations HY951 are supplied Chemicote! New gray alluvial soil of good depth, receiving salt from annual,. Are favorable for successful cultivation and clay loams Micrococcus leteus var carefully judged ; … Raw.. Bast was provided by the Zhangzhou Jute/Kenaf Test Station of the action of cellulolytic bacteria the jute.., India over-retting, probably because of the defects in fiber are due to faulty.! Fibre yielding plants are immersed in water for successive batches of jute retting, three,... Were formed on the bacteriology of jute grown in arsenic contaminated area and arsenic.

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