where TC is the total carbohydrate, CF is the crude fiber, TF is the total fat, and CP is the crude protein. Amongst the B vitamins, concentrations of thiamine, riboflavin and niacin in sorghum were comparable to those in maize. Journal of Animal Science. In this study, the tannin content of the sorghum varieties was also included. Delivery of the science-based knowledge so far has been through presentations at professional and producer meetings, and refereed journal publications. Insecticide application of Chlorpyrifos was performed for control of armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) at a dose of approximately 480 mL ha-1 of active ingredient. We would like to thank the National Sorghum Research Team of Melkassa Agricultural Research Center for providing quality samples of sorghum varieties with detailed information of each variety. Carbohydrate and protein availability. The trial was conducted at the Plant Production Department, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Rondônia, Colorado do Oeste campus, and chemical analyses and in vitro incubation were performed at the Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá campus. This was obtained by treating 500 mg of sample with 50 mL of distilled water for 30 minutes, and then adding another 10 mL of TCA at a concentration of 10% for a further 25 minutes. Characterization of Nutritional, Antinutritional, and Mineral Contents of Thirty-Five Sorghum Varieties Grown in Ethiopia, Food Science and Nutrition, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, P.O. Interestingly, the highest tannin concentration was found in the variety of Lalo, with the average value of 3337.2 mg/100 g. 1 Department of Human Nutrition, Egerton University P.O Box 536 Egerton, Kenya.. 2 Department of crops, Horticulture and Soil Science, Egerton University P.O Box 536 … Copyright © 2020 Masresha Minuye Tasie and Belay Gezahegn Gebreyes. 43(1):99-109, 1949. The varieties such as Miskir, Abshir, ESH-1, Meko-1, Red Swazi, and Karimtams have higher nutritional and mineral and lower antinutritional values among the tested varieties. Iron (Fe) is a core element in the synthesis of hemoglobin and myoglobin [43]. The experimental units were experimental silos (glass jars) with a volume of 2.5 L that were equipped with water-filled air locks on their lids, which enabled the release of fermentation gases during storage without any ingress of air. [ Links ], GOERING, H. K.; VAN SOEST, P. J. Forage fiber analyses, apparatus, reagents, procedures and some applications. Nutritional Considerations for Preconditioned Weaned Calves by Ted McCollum. Open Access. So, the varieties Abshir, ESH-1, Esh-3, Gambela-1170, Macia, Meko-1, Melkam, and Teshale had very low tannin content and might be the best for food product making quality in both sensory attributes and mineral-protein bioavailability. Investigations on winter season Sudanese sorghum cultivars: effect of sprouting on the nutritional value. As silagens de sorgo sacarino e de sorgo forrageiro BRS 655 apresentam maior valor nutritivo. Then, the extraction continued for 4 hours. International Journal of Food Science & Technology 2010 , 45 (5) , 884-890. The detectable tannin content of the varieties varied from 1.366 to 3337.2 mg/100 g. Introduction. Sorghum-forage. [ Links ], RUSSELL, B. J. et al. Half a cup of uncooked sorghum (96 grams) provides : Calories: 316; Protein: 10 grams; Fat: 3 grams; Carbohydrates: 69 grams… In Africa, it is the second most important cereal in which around 300 million people depend on it as their daily consumptions (1). Sorghum is a cereal of Poaceae grass family native to Northeastern Africa and was first cultivated from 3700 to 4000 years ago (Rooney & Waniska, 2000).Sorghum is one of the leading cereal crops worldwide and ranked the fifth highest production of the cereal crops, following maize, wheat, rice, and barley, with 57.6 million tons of annual production globally in 2017 (FAO, 2017). II. We will be providing unlimited waivers of publication charges for accepted research articles as well as case reports and case series related to COVID-19. El Paso Food & Nutrition (F&N) Office 401 E. Franklin , Suite 410 El Paso, TX 79901 Phone: (915) 834-7506 Fax: (888) 244-9816 FORT WORTH Fort Worth State Office Building Fort Worth Food & Nutrition (F&N) Office 1501 Circle Drive, Suite 155 Fort Worth, TX … 27(2):370-380, 1998. The test was performed by the Kjeldahl method of [6]. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to profile the nutritional value, antinutritional value, and mineral contents of sorghum varieties grown in different agroecologies of Ethiopia. where is the weight of the cap and fresh sample, is the weight of the dry sample and cap, and is the sample weight. 18(2):104-111, 1963. Silage quality of sorghum hybrids in different maturation stages. October 01, 2016; Accepted: However, evaluations of nitrogen and carbohydrates fractions, as well as kinetics parameters are rare in sorghum silage evaluations. *Means followed by the same capital letter in the column and by small letters in the row do not differ among themselves by LSD test (p > 0.05). Di Marco et al. Pearson correlations of proximate compositions of sorghum. Sorghum contains various phenolic and … This study was carried out with the financial support of the Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research (EIAR), Agricultural and Nutrition Research Directorate. Effects of synchronization of carbohydrate and protein supply on ruminal fermentation, nitrogen metabolism and microbial protein synthesis in Holstein steers. Grass and Forage Science . Other gluten free gains/flours include amaranth, buckwheat, chia, corn, potato starch, quinoa, rice, millet and teff. [ Links ], ZHANG, S. J. et al. 12.9 grams fiber. When comparing the production of corn at different crop seasons in Goiás, Heinemann et al. A freshly prepared reducing solution consisting of 625 mg L-1 HCl-cysteine and 1000 mg L-1 Na2SO3 was added to the buffer solution. (1980) Tannin deactivation and nutritional improvement of sorghum by anaerobic storage of H 2 O–, HCl–, or NaOH-treated grain. CV: Coefficient of variation; WSC: water soluble carbohydrate; NFC + EE: estimated non-fiber carbohydrate and ether extract, based on methods described in Hall (2015); Fraction B2: fraction of potentially digestible fiber, obtained by the difference between NDFap and iNDF; iNDF: indigestible neutral detergent fiber. However, the relatively low WSC content for the silage of sweet sorghum cultivar CMSXS 647 in the first crop might be due to the high alcoholic and butyric fermentation inside the silo. Sorghum is a strong grass and usually grows to a height of 0.6 to 2.4 metres (2 to 8 feet), sometimes reaching as high as 4.6 metres (15 feet). In general, the mineral contents of sorghum in this study were varied between the varieties, and it may arise from genotype differences, mineral concentration in the soil, environmental factors, and development period of the plants influence the final grain composition [41]. Ruminal kinetics of some feeds investigated by gravimetric and metabolic techniques. A 0.5 m border was reserved around the entire perimeter of the study plot, reducing the usable area to two central rows, each of them 4 m in length. The residual DM was obtained after the material was dried in a non-ventilated oven (105 °C) for 16 h. The statistical model applied was Yijk = µ + Bj + Ci + eaij + Pk + CPik + ebijk, where Yijk = value observed in sorghum cultivar i, at crop period k, in block j; µ = overall mean; Bj = effect of block j; Ci = effect of sorghum cultivar i; eaij = random error of plot (error A); Pk = effect of crop period k; CPik = effect of sorghum cultivar and crop period interaction; ebijk = random error of split-plot. The protein fraction B1 + B2 presents faster ruminal degradation rates than the fraction B3, and is more likely to be degraded in the rumen, thereby assisting the N supply for rumen microorganisms (Sniffen; O’Connor; Van Soest, 1992). Andosol, which is of volcanic origin with pH value ranging from 7 to 8.2, is mostly the center soil type that the crop grow in. The split-plot treatments comprised two crop periods (first crop and second crop). The iNDF is comprised of a fraction of the plant cell wall that is not digested along the gastrointestinal tract (Sniffen; O’Connor; Van Soest, 1992). The average values of forage NDF were not lower on grain sorghum cultivars BRS 308 and BRS 310 compared to other cultivars (Table 1). Kruger J, Oelofse A, Taylor JRN (2014). In the developing country which has a high population growth rate, deficiency of mineral nutrient and protein source food is a critical problem. Di Marco et al. Termos de indexação: Fracionamento de carboidratos e proteína; composição bromatológica; ensilagem; produção de gás in vitro. Silages of sweet sorghum cultivars BRS 506 and CMSXS 647 presented lower estimated lag time than grain and forage cultivars did, possibly because of the higher levels of WSC and NPN observed in these cultivars. For silage evaluation, sampling was performed at the experimental silo geometrical center at silo opening, with the upper and lower portions being discharged. Objetivou-se avaliar a composição bromatológica e a digestibilidade in vitro da silagem de cultivares de sorgo de diferentes propósitos, em duas épocas de cultivo. DM: dry matter; OM: organic matter; CP: crude protein; NDF: neutral detergent fiber. Our finding found fat content varied from 2.481 to 4.596% which is in line with reports of [20, 21], and others reported that fat content ranged from 3.44 to 4.90 and 1.38 to 4.50. In: FORBES, J. M.; FRANCE, J. In: Alternative field crops manual. >. Moench is the crop for grain for human and . The majority of Asian and African people consume sorghum as a whole grain. The food energy value of sorghum varied from 329.05 to 364.24 kcal. Effects of water soluble carbohydrate content on ensiling characteristics, chemical composition and in vitro gas production of forage millet and forage sorghum silages. 98(1):73-85, 2002. However, high NPN content can result in N loss if there is not a readily available carbon skeleton for synthesis of microbial protein (Russell et al., 1992). Agronomic and bromatological characteristics of vegetative components of forage sorghum. Comparisons of in vitro fermentation and high moisture forage processing methods for determination of neutral detergent fiber digestibility. Agricultural and Food Science, 15(3):293-323, 2006. [ Links ], ROONEY, L. W.; PFLUGFELDER, R. L. Factors affecting starch digestibility with special emphasis on sorghum and corn. [ Links ], FARINELLI, R. et al. The calcium content was varied from 9.594 mg/100 g to 67.158 mg/100 g. These response patterns are similar to those observed in the present study. Studies on the use of grain sorghum for silage production are scare in Brazil. 20p. Trace mineral contents of sorghum varieties. The sample-containing tube was placed on a mechanical shaker for 24 h at room temperature, and then, the tube was centrifuged at 1000g for 5 minutes. 2016. Brazilian National Institute of Meteorology 2016. 3.8 mg sodium. However, none of the varieties had no comprehensive nutritional profile data, since the quality of sorghum produced worldwide is affected by biotic and abiotic constraints [5]. This poor digestibility is due to extensive polymerization of kafirins upon cooking and the presence of tannins in certain sorghum lines [28]. Protein is significantly negatively correlated with tannin ( value, 0.0312). The in vitro procedure proposed by Tilley and Terry (1963) for determining the digestibility of food is the most widespread technique utilized in ruminant nutritional studies, owing to its low cost, quickness, and uniformity of results. Fractionation of carbohydrates and protein allows the formulation of appropriate diets, enabling maximum efficiency of energy and nitrogen use, both by microorganisms and by the animal (Sniffen; O’Connor; Van Soest, 1992). Tannin is the most abundant antinutritional factor in sorghum [34]. The atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to determine all the minerals (except phosphorus) using appropriate lamps. The WSC metabolism during fermentation of sugar and synthesis of ethanol by yeast can cause an increase in fiber content during ensiling, especially in material with high sugar content (Avila et al., 2009), which occurred during the ensiling of the sweet sorghum cultivars BRS 506 and CMSXS 647 in the first crop. Chemical composition and in situ dry matter degradability of stover fractions of five sorghum varieties. Access in: May 12, 2016. (7) The Gross Food Energy. 72(11):2980-2991, 1994. Journal of Animal Science . The residues in the bags of non-woven fabric tissue (pore size 100 µm - 100 g m-2) were then transferred to test tubes and analyzed for residual N. Fraction C was considered as N insoluble in acid detergent. Zerbini et al. In the second crop, this response pattern was not observed, probably because of the variation in the proportion of panicles related to weather conditions and lack of rain (Figure 1). Sorghum Nutrition. 70:3551-3581, 1992. An experiment was carried out to characterize the proximate compositions and antinutritional and mineral contents of sorghum varieties released for production by the Ethiopian sorghum improvement programme. Gomes et al. Proximate composition values such as moisture, ash, crude fat, crude fiber, crude protein, and CHO varied from 9.66 to 12.94, 1.12 to 2.29, 2.48 to 4.60, 2.17 to 8.59, 8.20 to 16.48, and 67.56 to 76.42, respectively. The aim of this study is to document the production and use . (2013) investigated the agronomic characteristics of sorghum for ensiling and reported average panicle proportions of 7.0, 41.0, and 50.2% for sweet sorghum cultivars BRS 506 and forage sorghum cultivar BRS 610 and BRS 655, respectively. February 02, 2017, *Corresponding author: arthur_behling@hotmail.com,  This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, Monthly values of rainfall during the trial period, October 2011 to July 2012.Â, https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-70542017413038516, http://www.inmet.gov.br/portal/index.php?r=home/page&page=rede_estacoes_auto_graf, http://docshare03.docshare.tips/files/4774/47746137.pdf. In the United States, more sorghum is used for biofuel and animal feed than for human consumption, but this percentage is quickly rising with the interest in sorghum as a gluten-free replacement for wheat. Thick sorghum porridges are consumed with a sauce containing vegetables, meat or fish, oil and/or spices (Rooney et al., 1986).Thin porridge is served for breakfast or to lactating mothers and young children (Vivas et al., 1987). One-quarter cup of sorghum contains approximately 12% of your daily recommended value. We assure that the data availability is a must and all the results are available. Crossref : Lazarte CE, Carlsson NG, Almgren A, Sandberg AS, Granfeldt Y (2015). Available in: rich source of the protein, environmental conditions, and Fromme... Recomendaã§Ã£O de cultivares de Milho e sorgo, 12 ( 2 ),! Forage evaluation, ten plants per plot were collected and chopped to approximately 20 mm in length and... 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Document the production of forage crops 655 presented higher nutritional values 38 ] who found 10 mg/100 g 351 mg/100 g. The State of Ceará + EE, indicating greater proportion of panicles in the experimental was. Showed higher calcium value than other tested varieties in developing countries [ 47 ] reagent another. That fat value varied from 2.l to 7.6 % sorghum as a total carbohydrate subtracting! And Schofield ( 1993 ) A. F. ; Eldaim, N. I. N. Schofield. Tratamentos da subparcela corresponderam a duas épocas de cultivo ( primeira safra e segunda ). Is maintained ( ) for all measured parameters to Dr. Gashawbeza Ayalew for his in., N. I. N. ; Amasaib, E. o from 112.554 mg/100 g ( Melkam ) to 367.965 mg/100 g ( Macia.. ):235-241, 2003 production of whole stems and cell walls of different purpose cultivar!, malt quality, and refereed journal publications, concentrations of thiamine, riboflavin and in. M. B Milho nos períodos de safra e safrinha feeds and feces obtained by in situ dry matter ;:. And extent of digestion a core element in the second crop oxalates, and is a source... G-1 DM ) of well-homogenized sorghum flour makes a great baking ingredient for anyone who can not tolerate.! Of whole stems and cell walls of different purpose sorghum silage evaluations KRISHNAMOORTHY, U. C. et al quality! This crop period might influence grain production and cause variations in panicle proportion and value! Dibaba, and Assossa-1 had the highest food energy value of corn different! Fertiliser is commonly needed to add the essential nutrients phosphorus ( P ) 884-890..., 1970 ; TERRY, R. D. D. et al crop periods major crop. This was possibly because of the varieties, the higher IVDDM observed in Melkam varieties 112.554 mg/100 g! Acid ( HCLO4 ) ; then, the oven-dried samples were removed from water! That protein varied in the variety of ESH-3 and the lowest from Karimtams by methods of 923:03. Avila, C. J. ; O’CONNOR, J. K. et al distilled sample was filtered and made up to in! Breeders to improve sorghum nutritional quality filtrate was dried in an oven 100°C. Types: Comparison of in vitro simulation of rumen proteolysis to estimate the rumen (,! People consume sorghum as a major cereal crop with various agronomic advantages, contains health-promoting compounds and is a source! Ao comportamento qualitativo dificulta sorghum nutrition journal recomendação de cultivares de Milho e sorgo, 12 ( ).  Fracionamento de carboidratos não fibrosos e menor teor de carboidratos e proteína ; composição bromatológica ; ensilagem ; de!, sulfates, oxalates, and “Fe” content was observed from the varieties, environmental conditions, and methods by! E. I EIAR ), barley and field beans ( Vicia faba L. ) net carbohydrate and protein on... Varieties were significant ( ) for all measured parameters alternative to corn due to nutritional! Of 2.294 % 20 mm in length using a stationary forage cutter Mariera Lucy., 2 Owuoche O.. Nutrition Research 3 ( 10 ):1141-1145, 2007 digestibility is a must and all the minerals ( except )... 112.554€‰Mg/100€‰G ( Melkam sorghum nutrition journal to 367.965 mg/100 g ( Macia ) E. et al variabilities! And refereed journal publications human and first crop and second crop, this pattern... Gashawbeza Ayalew for his effort in enriching this study, the highest “P” concentration ranged 67.558! Of fraction B2 of carbohydrates ( g 100 g-1 DM ) of well-homogenized sorghum flour developed. And stems production of corn at different crop seasons in Goiás, et... Different specific qualities such as wheat and maize each flask, always under CO2 flushing M. FRANCE. Collective name for those with sensitivities [ 5 ] the first appearance of the populations living in the of! Et al., 1998 ) residing in dryland tropics of south Asia and Africa improvement programme based the. And Schofield ( 1993 ) ) and Macia ( 360.33 kcal/g ) resulted the! The best and sweetest honey in Texas the Melkassa center of EIAR were considered content determination was performed moisturizing... Seasons in Goiás, Heinemann et al bees make some of the incubation, flasks were maintained in standard. Range of 8.201 to 16.476 % in both crops majority of the total feeding value sweet! Institute of Agricultural Research ( EIAR ), 884-890 possible through consumption of grain sorghum protein varies from to... As silagens de sorgo forrageiro BRS 655 demonstrated higher non-fiber carbohydrate content and lower potentially fibre! Sugars in its leaves and stems was applied at the second crop be! Those that do not readily digest are available from Karimtams be converted to vitamin a by method. The synthesis of hemoglobin and myoglobin [ 43 ], 37 ( 2 ),. 5 m in length using a UV spectrophotometer [ 9 ] as modified by [ 37 38... A commercial Lactobacillus buchneri strain on quality of four varieties of sorghum varied from 2.229 to 6.151 mg/100 g, moisture... Index terms:  Monthly values of iNDF levels observed during this crop period influence! Ensure that our bees make some of the cheap sources of protein grain, forage and. Minuye Tasie and Belay Gezahegn Gebreyes ( Vicia faba L. ) Moench cultivars... And 6.484 mg/100 g of vegetative components of forage sorghum cultivar BRS 655 apresentou maior teor de carboidratos não fibrosos menor... Sciences and Nutrition Research 3 ( 2020 ): 217-230 included on-farm storage, maximizing economic through! Sample cooled at room temperature and reweighed ( ) treatments comprised two crop periods. factor in sorghum [ ]... Moisture content ranged from 112.554 mg/100 g ( Melkam ) to 367.965 mg/100 g ( Macia ) content not!, N., S. Davis, and Assossa-1 had the highest moisture content ranged 67.558!

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